Xadhkaha u gudbiya tamarta korantada ee ka imanaya xarumaha korantada ee xarumaha korantada iyo xadhkaha isku xidha nidaamyada korontada ayaa guud ahaan ah

loo yaqaan xadhkaha gudbinta.Tignoolajiyada cusub ee khadka isgaadhsiinta ee aynu maanta ka hadlaynaa maaha kuwo cusub, waxaana la is barbar dhigi karaa oo kaliya

Codsaday in ka dambeeya khadadkayada caadiga ah.Inta badan tignoolajiyadan "cusub" waa qaangaar oo in badan ayaa lagu dabaqay xadhkaha korantada.Maanta, kuwa caadiga ah

qaababka khadka gudbinta ee waxa loogu yeero "cusub" technology waxaa lagu soo koobay sida soo socota:

Tiknoolajiyada koronto ee weyn

"Shabakad koronto oo weyn" waxaa loola jeedaa nidaamka korantada ee isku xiran, nidaamka korontada wadajirka ah ama nidaam awood mideysan oo uu sameeyay isku xirnaanta

Xariiro koronto oo badan oo deegaanka ah ama koronto-goboleedka.Nidaamka korantada ee isku xiran waa isku xirnaanta isku xiran ee tiro yar

isku xirka shabakadaha korantada ee gobolka iyo shabakadaha korantada qaranka;Nidaamka awoodda isku-darka ah wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin isku-dubbarid

qorshaynta iyo dirida si waafaqsan heshiisyada ama heshiisyada.Laba ama in ka badan oo habab koronto oo yaryar ah ayaa ku xidhan shabkada korantada si ay isbarbar dhigaan

hawlgalka, kaas oo samayn kara nidaamka awood gobolka.Tiro ka mid ah nidaamyada korantada ee gobolka ayaa ku xiran koronto si ay u sameeyaan koronto wadajir ah

nidaamka.Nidaamka awoodeed ee midaysan waa nidaam awood leh oo leh qorshe midaysan, dhismo midaysan, dirid midaysan iyo hawlgelin.

Shabakadda korontadu waxay leedahay sifooyinka aasaasiga ah ee korantada ultra-sare iyo koronto gudbinta ultra-sare, awoodda gudbinta oo aad u weyn

iyo gudbinta fogaanta fog.Shabakadu waxay ka kooban tahay shabakad gudbinta korantada-sare ee AC, shabakad gudbinta danab ultra-sare leh iyo

Shabakadda gudbinta AC ee danab ultra-sare leh, iyo sidoo kale shabakadda gudbinta korantada ultra-sare ee DC iyo shabakadda gudbinta korantada sare ee DC,

samaynta nidaam koronto oo casri ah oo leh qaab dhismeed lakabyo, aag iyo cad.

Xadka awoodda gudbinta aadka u weyn iyo gudbinta fogaanta fog waxay la xiriirtaa awoodda gudbinta dabiiciga ah iyo caqabada hirarka

ee xariiqda heerka danab u dhiganta.Mar kasta oo heerka korantada xariiqdu uu sarreeyo, way sii weynaataa awoodda dabiiciga ah ee ay gudbiso, mawjada yar ayaa sii yaraanaysa

impedance, fogaanta gudbinta iyo baaxadda caymisku waa weyn yahay.Isku xirka korontadu wuu sii xoogaysanayaa

ama shabakadaha korontada ee gobolka waa.Xasiloonida dhammaan shabaqyada korantada ka dib isku-xirnaanta waxay la xiriirtaa awoodda korantada kasta si ay u taageerto mid kasta

mid kale haddii ay dhacdo guuldarro, Taasi waa, inta badan awoodda is-dhaafsiga ee xadhkaha korantada ee u dhexeeya xadhkaha korantada ama shabakadaha korontada ee gobolka, isku xirka dhow

iyo sida uu u xasilan yahay hawlgalka shabaqlaha.

Shabakadda korontadu waa shabakad gudbineed oo ka kooban saldhigyo, saldhigyada qaybinta, xadhkaha korontada iyo tas-hiilaadka kale ee korontada.Iyaga ka mid ah,

tiro badan oo xadhkaha gudbinta ah oo leh heerka ugu sarreeya ee danab iyo saldhigyo u dhigma ayaa ka kooban xadhkaha gudbinta laf dhabarta ee

shabakad.Shabakadda korantada ee gobolka waxa loola jeedaa xadhkaha korantada ee warshado koronto oo waaweyn oo leh awood sharciyeed oo xoogan, sida Shiinaha lix gobol oo trans ah.

Korontada gobolka, halkaas oo koronto gobol kasta uu leeyahay warshado koronto kuleyl ah oo waaweyn iyo warshad koronto oo ay si toos ah u soo dirto xafiiska koronto.

Farsamaynta gudbinta is haysta

Mabda'a aasaasiga ah ee tignoolajiyada gudbinta is haysta waa in la wanaajiyo qaabeynta kaari ee khadadka gudbinta, la yareeyo masaafada u dhaxaysa wejiyada,

kordhinta fogaanta kirishbooyada xidhxidhan (sub conductors) iyo in la kordhiyo tirada kirishbooyada xidhidhsan (sub conductors, Waa dhaqaale

teknoolojiyadda gudbinta oo si weyn u wanaajin karta awoodda gudbinta dabiiciga ah, oo xakameyn karta faragelinta raadiyaha iyo khasaaraha korona

heerka la aqbali karo, si loo yareeyo tirada wareegyada gudbinta, la cadaadiyo ballaadhka waddooyinka khadadka, la yareeyo isticmaalka dhulka, iwm, iyo hagaajinta

awoodda gudbinta.

Astaamaha aasaasiga ah ee xadhkaha gudbinta EHV AC ee is haysta marka la barbar dhigo khadadka gudbinta caadiga ah waa:

① Kaariyaha wejiga wuxuu qaataa qaab dhismeed kala qaybsan oo badan wuxuuna kordhiyaa kala dheeraynta kaari;

② Iska yaree masaafada u dhaxaysa wejiyada.Si looga fogaado wareegga gaaban ee u dhexeeya wejiyada ay sababto gariirka dabayshu afuufay, spacer ayaa loo isticmaalaa

hagaajin masaafada u dhaxaysa wejiyada;

③ Tiirka iyo dhismaha munaaradda oo aan lahayn jir waa in la qaataa.

Xadhka gudbinta 500kV Luobai I-circuit AC kaas oo qaatay tignoolajiyada gudbinta is haysta waa qaybta Luoping Baise ee 500kV

Tianguang IV mashruuca gudbinta wareegga iyo isbeddelka.Waa markii ugu horreysay ee Shiinaha laga isticmaalo tignoolajiyadan meelaha sare iyo meelaha dhaadheer

khadadka fogaanta.Mashruuca gudbinta iyo is bedelka korontadu waxa la hawl galiyay bishii Juun 2005-tii, hadda wuu deggan yahay.

Tiknoolajiyada gudbinta is haysta ma aha oo kaliya inay si weyn u wanaajiso awoodda gudbinta dabiiciga ah, laakiin sidoo kale waxay yaraynaysaa gudbinta awoodda

marinka 27.4 mu halkii kilomitir, kaas oo si wax ku ool ah u yarayn kara xadiga xaalufka, magdhawga dalagyada dalagyada yar yar iyo duminta guryaha,

faa'iidooyin dhaqaale iyo bulsho oo muuqda.

Waqtigan xaadirka ah, China Southern Power Grid waxay kor u qaadaysaa adeegsiga tignoolajiyada gudbinta is haysta ee 500kV Guizhou Shibing ilaa Guangdong

Xianlingshan, Yunnan 500kV Dehong iyo mashaariicda kale ee gudbinta tamarta iyo isbeddelka.

gudbinta HVDC

Gudbinta HVDC way fududahay in la xaqiijiyo isku xidhka asynchronous;Way ka dhaqaale badan tahay gudbinta AC ee ka sarreysa fogaanta gudbinta muhiimka ah;

Isla marinka khadka ayaa gudbin kara awood ka badan tan AC, sidaas darteed waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa gudbinta awoodda fog ee fog, isku xirka nidaamka korantada,

fiilooyinka badda hoostiisa ee fogaanta fog ama gudbinta fiilada dhulka hoostiisa ee magaalooyinka waaweyn, gudbinta iftiinka DC ee shabakadda qaybinta, iwm.

Habka gudbinta tamarta casriga ah wuxuu inta badan ka kooban yahay danab aad u sarreeya, gudbinta korantada ultra-sare ee DC iyo gudbinta AC.UHV iyo UHV

Tiknoolajiyada gudbinta DC waxay leedahay sifooyinka fogaanta gudbinta dheer, awoodda gudbinta ballaaran, kontoroolka dabacsan iyo diritaanka habboon.

Mashaariicda gudbinta DC ee leh awoodda gudbinta tamarta ee ku saabsan 1000km iyo awoodda gudbinta korantada ee aan ka badnayn 3 milyan kW,

± 500kV heerka danab guud ahaan waa la qaatay;Marka awoodda gudbinta korontadu ay dhaafto 3 milyan oo kW iyo masaafada gudbinta korontadu ay dhaafto

1500km, heerka danab ee ± 600kV ama ka sareeya ayaa guud ahaan la qaatay;Marka masaafada gudbinta ay gaarto ilaa 2000km, waa lagama maarmaan in la tixgeliyo

Heerarka tamarta sare si ay si buuxda uga faa'iideysato kheyraadka marinka khadka, yareyso tirada wareegyada gudbinta iyo yareynta khasaaraha gudbinta.

Tiknoolajiyada gudbinta HVDC waa in la isticmaalo qaybaha elektiroonigga ah ee awoodda sare leh, sida thyristor-ka sare ee tamarta sare, daminta silicon la xakameeyey

GTO, transistor gate bipolar transistor IGBT iyo qaybo kale si loo sameeyo hagaajinta iyo qalabaynta si loo gaaro koronto-sare, fogaan dheer

gudbinta awoodda.Tignoolajiyada ku habboon waxaa ka mid ah tignoolajiyada korantada elektiroonigga ah, tignoolajiyada microelectronics, tignoolajiyada xakamaynta kumbuyuutarka, cusub

qalabka dahaarka, fiber indhaha, superconductivity, jilitaanka iyo nidaamka awoodda hawlgalka, xakamaynta iyo qorsheynta.

Nidaamka gudbinta HVDC waa nidaam adag oo ka kooban kooxda beddelaha, beddelka beddelka, filtarka DC, reactor-ka fudud, gudbinta DC

laynka, shaandhada korantada ee dhinaca AC iyo dhinaca DC, qalabka magdhawga korantada ee falcelinta, qalabka wax lagu beddelo ee DC, qalabka ilaalinta iyo xakamaynta, qalabka caawimada iyo

qaybaha kale (nidaamka).Waxay inta badan ka kooban tahay laba xarumood oo beddeleyaal ah iyo khadadka gudbinta DC, kuwaas oo ku xiran nidaamyada AC ee labada daraf.

Farsamada xudunta u ah gudbinta DC waxay xoogga saartaa qalabka xarunta beddelka.Saldhigga beddelka ayaa garwaaqsanaya beddelka labada is-beddelka ee DC iyo

AC.Saldhigga beddelka waxaa ka mid ah saldhigga toosiyaha iyo saldhigga beddelka.Saldhigga toosiyaha ayaa u beddela awoodda AC saddex-waji ah oo u beddela awoodda DC, iyo

Saldhigga beddelka ayaa koronta DC ka beddesha khadadka DC oo u beddela koronto AC.Waalka beddelka waa aaladda xudunta u ah in lagu xaqiijiyo beddelka u dhexeeya DC iyo AC

xarunta beddelka.Marka uu shaqaynayo, beddeliyuhu waxa uu soo saari doonaa hab-raac heersare ah oo isku-habboon oo dhinaca AC ah iyo dhinaca DC-ga, taas oo keenaysa faragelin is-waafajin ah,

Xakamaynta aan xasiloonayn ee qalabka beddelka, kulaylka koronto-dhaliyeyaasha, iyo faragelinta nidaamka isgaarsiinta.Sidaa darteed, cabudhinta

waxa loo baahan yahay in la qaado talaabooyin.Shaandheeyaha ayaa lagu dhejiyay xarunta beddelka ee nidaamka gudbinta DC si uu u nuugo hamuunta nidaamka sare leh.Waxa u dheer nuugista

harmonics, shaandhada dhinaca AC sidoo kale waxay bixisaa xoogaa fal-celin ah oo aasaasi ah, shaandhada dhinaca DC waxay isticmaashaa reactor-ka fudud si ay u xaddiddo harmonic.

Saldhigga beddelka

gudbinta UHV

Gudbinta tamarta UHV waxay leedahay sifooyinka awoodda gudbinta awoodda weyn, fogaanta gudbinta awoodda dheer, daboolka ballaaran, khadka badbaadinta

Waddooyinka, luminta gudbinta yar yar, iyo gaaritaanka tiro balaadhan oo ah qaabeynta hagaajinta kheyraadka.Waxay samayn kartaa shabagga laf dhabarta ee awoodda UHV

grid iyadoo loo eegayo qaybinta korantada, qaabka culeyska, awooda gudbinta, isweydaarsiga tamarta iyo baahiyaha kale.

UHV AC iyo gudbinta UHV DC waxay leeyihiin faa'iidooyin iyaga u gaar ah.Guud ahaan, gudbinta UHV AC waxay ku habboon tahay dhismaha grid ee danab sare

xadhkaha isku xidha heerka iyo gobolka si loo hagaajiyo xasiloonida nidaamka;Gudbinta UHV DC waxay ku habboon tahay awoodda ballaaran ee fogaanta fog

gudbinta xarumaha waaweyn ee tamarta laga dhaliyo iyo xarumaha waaweyn ee laga shido dhuxusha si loo horumariyo dhaqaalaha dhismaha xadhkaha gudbinta.

UHV AC xariiqda gudbinta waxaa iska leh xariiq dheer oo lebis ah, kaas oo lagu garto caabbinta, inductance, capacitance iyo socodsiinta

khadka ayaa si joogto ah oo siman loogu qaybiyaa khadka gudbinta oo dhan.Marka laga hadlayo dhibaatooyinka, sifooyinka korantada ee

xariiqda waxaa inta badan lagu sifeeyaa caabbinta r1, inductance L1, capacitance C1 iyo conductance g1 halkii cutubkiiba.Caqabadda sifada

iyo faafinta isku-xidhka xadhkaha gudbinta dheer ee isku midka ah ayaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa si loo qiyaaso diyaargarowga hawlgelinta ee xadhkaha gudbinta EHV.

Nidaamka gudbinta AC dabacsan

Nidaamka gudbinta AC dabacsan (XAQIIQADA) waa habka gudbinta AC ee isticmaala tignoolajiyada casriga ah ee elektiroonigga ah, tignoolajiyada microelectronics,

tignoolajiyada isgaarsiinta iyo tignoolajiyada casriga ah ee kontoroolka si dabacsanaan iyo dhaqso leh loo hagaajiyo loona xakameeyo socodka korantada iyo cabirrada nidaamka awooda,

kordhinta xakamaynta nidaamka iyo hagaajinta awoodda gudbinta.Farsamada XAQIIQADA waa tignoolajiyad cusub oo gudbinta AC, sidoo kale loo yaqaan dabacsanaan

(ama dabacsan) farsamada xakamaynta gudbinta.Codsiga tignoolajiyada XAQIIQADA ma xakamayn karto oo keliya socodka korantada ee baaxad weyn oo la helo

qaybinta qulqulka tamarta ku habboon, laakiin sidoo kale waxay kordhisaa xasilloonida nidaamka korantada, taas oo kor u qaadeysa awoodda gudbinta ee xariiqda gudbinta.

Farsamada XAQIIQADA waxaa lagu dabaqaa nidaamka qaybinta si kor loogu qaado tayada tamarta.Waxaa loo yaqaan nidaamka gudbinta AC dabacsan DFACTS ee

nidaamka qaybinta ama farsamada awoodda macaamiisha CPT.Suugaanta qaarkood, waxa loogu yeeraa tignoolajiyada tayada go'an ama awoodda la habeeyey

farsamada.